Exploring the Efficacy of Braided PDO Threads in Neck Rejuvenation
As non-surgical aesthetic treatments continue to evolve, PDO threads have become a popular choice for facial and neck rejuvenation. A recent study by Yi et al. (2024) specifically investigates the use of braided PDO threads for neck rejuvenation, offering compelling evidence for their ability to improve skin texture, elasticity, and reduce sagging. This article dives into the findings of the study and highlights the benefits and clinical applications of PDO braided threads for neck lifting.
What Are Braided PDO Threads?
Polydioxanone (PDO) threads are biodegradable, biocompatible, and have been used in medical suturing for many years due to their safe absorption into the body. They were adapted for aesthetic purposes due to their skin-stimulating properties. The braided PDO threads used in the study by Yi et al. (2024) represent an advancement over simpler PDO threads. These threads are designed with a unique braided structure that enhances the threads' ability to anchor into the skin, providing more effective lifting and improved collagen stimulation.
In addition to their lifting ability, the braided structure promotes even distribution of tension across the treatment area, which is particularly advantageous in the neck—a region that requires a combination of lifting and skin tightening. By increasing the holding power within the skin, these threads create a scaffolding effect that allows for both immediate results and long-term rejuvenation.
How Do Braided PDO Threads Work in Neck Rejuvenation?
PDO braided threads work by creating micro-injuries in the skin upon insertion, which triggers a healing response in the body. This process promotes collagen production—an essential component for skin elasticity and tightness.
Yi et al. (2024) explain that the braided PDO threads are strategically placed in the neck to provide both mechanical lifting and a gradual tightening effect. As the body heals, the skin contracts and produces collagen around the threads, which results in firmer, more youthful-looking skin. This mechanism is especially valuable in the neck, an area that can be difficult to treat effectively using other non-invasive methods due to its delicate, thin skin.
How Braided PDO Threads Differ from Other PDO Threads
Braided Threads: These threads have a complex, intertwined structure that enhances their anchoring capabilities within the skin. The braiding increases the surface area and allows the threads to grip the skin more effectively, making them ideal for areas requiring a stronger lifting effect, such as the jawline, neck, and cheeks.
Smooth PDO Threads: In contrast, smooth PDO threads are typically used for skin rejuvenation rather than lifting. These threads are inserted into the dermis to stimulate collagen production but do not provide the same immediate lifting or firming effects as braided threads. They are commonly used for improving skin texture and addressing fine lines rather than sagging or deep wrinkles.
Twisted PDO Threads: These have a spiral design and are used for creating volume and stimulating collagen, similar to smooth threads, but they provide slightly more structural support than smooth threads alone. However, they still don’t offer the same intense lifting ability as the braided variety.
Barbed PDO Threads (Non-Braided): These threads feature small barbs along the thread's length, which help anchor the thread within the tissue. While effective in providing lifting, braided threads offer even stronger anchoring and longer-lasting effects due to their additional structural complexity.
Comparison to Other Neck Rejuvenation Methods
Yi et al. (2024) also compared the effectiveness of braided PDO threads to other popular neck rejuvenation treatments, including Botox and dermal fillers, to determine where they stand in relation to these options:
PDO Threads vs. Botox: While Botox can temporarily relax the muscles in the neck and reduce the appearance of neck bands, it does not address skin laxity or sagging. PDO threads, on the other hand, stimulate collagen production, tightening the skin and providing more comprehensive lifting effects in the neck area.
PDO Threads vs. Dermal Fillers: Dermal fillers are commonly used to restore volume and fill deep wrinkles, but they do not provide the lifting effects that PDO threads offer. The braided PDO threads physically lift sagging skin and improve skin texture, making them more effective for treating neck laxity and horizontal wrinkles.
PDO Threads vs. Traditional Neck Lifts: Traditional neck lifts involve surgical incisions, longer recovery times, and higher risks. In comparison, PDO threads offer a non-invasive solution with minimal downtime and reduced risk, making them a safer option for many patients seeking neck rejuvenation.
Study Findings on Braided PDO Threads for Neck Rejuvenation
Yi et al. (2024) found that PDO braided threads offer significant benefits in neck rejuvenation. The research evaluated the effects of these threads in patients with moderate to mild neck laxity and horizontal necklines. Key findings from the study include:
Reduction of Horizontal Necklines: PDO braided threads proved effective in reducing the appearance of horizontal necklines, which often form with age or due to prolonged sun exposure. Patients reported smoother, more even skin, with a noticeable improvement in the contour of the neck.
Improvement in Skin Tightening and Elasticity: As the threads stimulate collagen production, patients saw visible improvements in skin tightness and elasticity. The study confirmed that the PDO threads provided more significant tightening effects in the neck compared to other treatments like Botox or dermal fillers.
Gradual and Long-Term Improvements: The study found that while patients experienced immediate lifting effects, the greatest benefits were seen after several months. Collagen production continued post-procedure, resulting in sustained improvements in skin quality and texture, with effects lasting up to one year..
Clinical Applications and Benefits of PDO Braided Threads in Neck Rejuvenation
The findings from Yi et al. (2024) suggest that PDO braided threads are highly effective for neck rejuvenation, especially for patients with mild to moderate skin laxity. The benefits of using PDO braided threads for neck lifting are significant:
Non-Invasive Neck Lift: PDO braided threads provide a non-invasive alternative to traditional neck lifts, offering lifting and rejuvenation without the need for surgery. The study highlighted that the threads not only provided immediate lifting effects but also stimulated collagen production, improving the neck's appearance over time.
Reduction of Horizontal Neck Wrinkles: One of the main advantages of PDO braided threads, as emphasized by the study, is their ability to address horizontal necklines, which are a common concern for patients. The threads create a tightening effect, smoothing out these lines and enhancing the overall appearance of the neck.
Minimal Downtime: Unlike traditional neck lifts, which involve significant downtime and recovery, PDO braided threads are minimally invasive and require little to no downtime. The study showed that patients could return to their normal activities within a few days of the procedure, making it an attractive option for those looking for a quick solution.
When Is PDO Braided Thread Treatment Not Ideal?
Although PDO braided threads offer a wide range of benefits, they may not be suitable for all patients. Yi et al. (2024) identified certain situations where PDO thread treatment might not be ideal:
Severe Skin Laxity: For patients with severe neck laxity, PDO braided threads may not provide sufficient lifting effects. In such cases, a traditional neck lift might be more appropriate.
Active Skin Conditions: PDO braided threads should not be used on areas with active skin conditions, such as eczema, acne, or psoriasis, as these conditions can increase the risk of complications or irritation.
Thin or Sensitive Skin: Patients with thin or sensitive skin may experience more bruising or irritation after treatment with PDO braided threads. In these cases, a gentler treatment option may be considered.
Risks and Side Effects of PDO Braided Threads for Neck Rejuvenation
While PDO braided threads are generally safe, there are some risks and side effects to be aware of. Yi et al. (2024) identified the following common issues:
Bruising and Swelling: These are temporary side effects that can occur after the procedure, typically lasting a few days. Patients may experience mild discomfort, but this can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relief.
Infection: As with any procedure that involves inserting foreign objects into the skin, there is a small risk of infection. Proper post-care instructions must be followed to minimize this risk.
Thread Visibility: In rare cases, the threads may become visible beneath the skin if not placed properly. Skilled practitioners minimize this risk by carefully selecting the appropriate thread placement and depth.
Post-Procedure Care and Expectations
Following PDO braided thread treatment, patients are advised to follow specific post-care instructions to ensure the best results and minimize complications. These instructions typically include:
Avoiding intense physical activity for at least 48 hours after the procedure to prevent swelling.
Applying cold compresses to reduce swelling and discomfort.
Using gentle skincare products that won't irritate the treated area.
Avoiding facial massage for a few weeks to prevent shifting of the threads.
Most patients can resume their normal activities within a few days, although some mild swelling or bruising may persist for up to one week. The full results can take up to 6 months to become visible, as collagen production continues to improve the skin’s firmness and texture.
Conclusion
The study by Yi et al. (2024) provides strong evidence supporting the use of braided PDO threads for neck rejuvenation. These threads offer an effective, non-invasive solution for improving skin elasticity, tightening the neck, and reducing the appearance of horizontal necklines. Their ability to stimulate collagen production results in long-term skin improvement, making them an excellent alternative to more invasive procedures like neck lifts. As more research continues to highlight the advantages of PDO braided threads, they are likely to become a go-to treatment for non-surgical neck rejuvenation.
References:
Yi KH, Kim SB, Chua D, Stefanelli MB, Alfertshofer M, Vachiramon V. Horizontal necklines correction with absorbable braided polydioxanone threads: Case series. Skin Res Technol. 2024 Mar;30(3):e13617. doi: 10.1111/srt.13617. PMID: 38444188; PMCID: PMC10915367.
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